In view of the data collection and supervision problems in the collection and transportation of medical waste, the Internet of Things technology is used for equipment deployment and system integration, and through the automatic entry of raw data, the data is effectively utilized to realize data comparison, route tracking, abnormal alarm and traceability analysis, so as to meet the requirements of whole-process management. It not only reduces the tedious work of collection and transportation personnel and saves work costs, but also provides data support for management refinement and improves the informatization and intelligence level of medical waste traceability supervision.

Medical waste refers to the direct or indirect infectious, toxic and other hazardous waste generated by medical and health institutions in the course of medical treatment, prevention, health care and other related activities, and it is a kind of special waste that is extremely hazardous.

Medical waste may contain a large number of pathogenic microorganisms and harmful chemical substances, and even radioactive and injurious substances, therefore, there is an urgent need to rapidly improve the level of informationization, intelligence and scientific supervision of medical waste, and to strengthen the standardized control of all aspects of the whole process of medical waste from the classification and collection, packaging, handing over, temporary storage, transportation, storage and disposal.

The use of the Internet of Things (IoT) to help fine-tuned supervision of medical waste in hospitals Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology and Bluetooth technology will seamlessly integrate IoT equipment with the information system. The system automatically obtains raw data, and carries out real-time, automated data collection in each link of medical waste collection, transfer, warehousing and discharging, etc., and grasps the operation dynamics of the whole process through comparison, analysis and tracking in the background. Through RFID and Bluetooth, real-time monitoring and positioning of each medical waste package and collection vehicle can be carried out, and the medical waste transportation process can also be inspected within the effective monitoring range, greatly reducing the cost of manual supervision.

Medical waste is divided into five categories, i.e. infectious waste, pathological waste, injurious waste, pharmaceutical waste and chemical waste, and medical waste is collected in accordance with the standard requirements for classification and packaging, and encapsulation is required to be sealed tightly, tightly sealed.

In practice, the use of medical waste bags with RFID tags can provide a unique identification for each bag of medical waste, in addition, through the RFID tags can be associated with the medical waste bag. RFID tags can be associated with all the information of the medical waste packages to realize automatic checking at the time of handover and delivery. In addition, the RFID tag can be associated with all the information of the medical waste bag, so as to realize the automatic checking during the handover and transportation.

2.2 Information Entry

The collection end adopts the intelligent collection terminal of medical waste information to realize fully automatic data collection. The intelligent collection terminal consists of operation screen, RFID reader and intelligent weighing table. The intelligent collection terminal consists of an operation screen, an RFID reader and an intelligent weighing platform. First of all, the intelligent collection terminal automatically recognizes the medical waste bags with RFID tags, and then sends out the packaging materials to the medical waste bags. Firstly, the intelligent collection terminal automatically recognizes the medical waste bags with RFID tags and automatically records the unique identification information of the bags in the system. Secondly, the medical waste is placed on the intelligent weighing platform bag by bag, and the weight data generated is automatically uploaded to the information system. Secondly, the medical waste is placed on the intelligent weighing table bag by bag, and the weight data generated is automatically uploaded to the information system; finally, the quantity information is automatically generated to complete the original data of medical waste.

Finally, the quantity information is automatically generated to complete the collection of medical waste raw data.

2.3 Checking delivery

The checking section requires semi-automated and semi-manual checking on a bag-by-bag basis. Manual checking information includes sealing, outer packaging contamination, seepage and other conditions; automatic checking information includes the number of bags and bag weight, which is realized by the medical waste collection vehicle. The vehicle contains an on-board system, RFID reader and intelligent weighing platform. After the second weighing, the quantity and weight information will be automatically uploaded to the platform, so as to realize the comparison with the primary data and complete the checking task.

The transportation part relies on Bluetooth technology to realize accurate positioning. The medical waste collection vehicle on-board system has Bluetooth function, and there are Bluetooth beacons installed at many points in the hospital area, and each beacon transmits data at a distance of about 20-30m. Through the Bluetooth module of the on-board system and the active push function of the Bluetooth beacons, it realizes the accurate positioning of the whole path within the hospital area, and realizes the function of automatic path planning through the use of data. The system can be scheduled collection and transportation route navigation, not in accordance with the scheduled route travel, can automatically plan a reasonable route to avoid "more running", and the whole voice broadcast, remind the next destination in advance.

2.4 Storage

Since medical waste should not be stored in the open air, warehousing refers to the temporary storage of medical waste by healthcare organizations in dedicated warehouses or facilities. When warehousing, information such as quantity and weight is checked again. The warehouse is installed with operation screen, RFID reader and intelligent weighing table to complete the third information upload and data comparison. If only the quantity is checked in the actual work, the personal digital assistant (PDA) is used to complete the warehousing and handover work with the help of 4G/5G network.

2.5 Outgoing

Out of storage is the temporary storage of medical waste by a professional medical waste transfer company for transfer and disposal, according to the management requirements, the time of temporary storage shall not exceed 2 days, so the time of the automatic reminder function is more important, out of storage, but also to record the information out of storage, including the time of storage, the number of out of storage, out of the weight, the person responsible for the key information, etc., the PDA or PAD to realize the outdoor storage of medical waste. Realize outdoor operation through PDA or PAD.

This project takes full account of the difficulties and pain points of medical waste collection and transportation and the special characteristics of the working environment of medical institutions, uses the Internet of Things technology to avoid the arbitrariness of human operation, and assists the management department in rationally arranging the collection and transportation work, reduces the occurrence of accidents, and greatly improves the level of the intelligence of the collection and transportation of medical waste.